With less than nine months to go until the opening ceremony at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, the French capital is engaged in a race against time to get things ready.
DW rounds up some of the key challenges facing Paris ahead of the Games:
Bouquinistes ban
Anyone who has visited Paris will have encountered the hundreds of street venders who ply their trade among the tourist crowds of the city center.
But authorities want to put an end to the unofficial industry, stopping people from selling on the streets ahead of the Olympics.
"We will have completely eradicated the phenomenon of street vending, fortune-telling and other delinquent activities," said the Prefect of Police for Paris, Laurent Nunez.
Among those businesses facing expulsion are the traditional bouquinistes, the booksellers who have been selling their wares from the wooden stalls along the banks of the River Seine since the 16th century.
Police say the traditional stalls, some of which have stood for over a hundred years, could pose a bomb threat, especially with the area thronged by tens of thousands of spectators for the opening ceremony, which will take place on and along the river.
Homelessness
It's not just books and cultural trinkets which are being cleared off Parisian streets; human beings are tool.
Although authorities insist it has nothing directly to do with the Olympic Games next year or the Rugby World Cup, the French government has been accelerating plans to transfer homeless people living on the streets of Paris to other French cities.
Approximately half of France's 200,000 homeless people live on the streets or in shelters in Paris and the surrounding Ile-de-France region, where they stand to benefit from better job chances, access to charities and contact with family and friends.
According to government figures disclosed to CNN in September, around 1,800 homeless people, mostly migrants, have been transferred out of Paris since April 2023 to alternative locations across the country – a rate of just over 50 people per week.
But the situation on the streets has nevertheless been exacerbated by the decisions of hotels to cancel their emergency housing contracts with the government to free up space for the anticipated influx of tourists for the Olympics.
Back in May former Housing Minister Olivier Klein said in a parliamentary discussion that "the approach of major sporting events – firstly, to a lesser extent, the Rugby World Cup in 2023, and then the Olympic Games in 2024 – means that we have to think ahead and anticipate the situation, thanks to a policy of de-cluttering."
Bed bug panic
While the removal of homeless people from Paris might be controversial, the city's public spaces have also become home to another living creature which is universally unwelcome: bed bugs.
Numbers of punaises de lit have been increasing for several years in Paris, where one in 10 people have experienced infestations in the last five years, according to official figures, but this summer's annual spike is the highest yet.
And, even worse, it's got traction on social media, with videos claiming to show the insects in beds and sofas at home, on public transport, and even in cinemas – although the reports remain unconfirmed.
Nevertheless, French authorities and Games organizers are concerned, not only about the hygienic aspect, but mainly about the psychological effect of a perceived infestation and the damage to the image of the city ahead of the Olympics.
What next for the Olympic Village?
One place which organizers will hope will be absolutely free of bed bugs is the new Olympic Village which is nearing completion in the Paris suburb of Seine-Saint-Denis, and which will host 22,500 Olympians and Paralympians during the Games.
The future use of Olympic Villages is a key question when it comes to the social legacy of any Games, and Paris 2024 is no different, with authorities insisting that the village is sustainable and environmentally friendly, having been fitted with geothermal heating and cooling systems to reduce the need for air conditioning.
But community groups are still worried about issues such as air pollution (only one of four proposed new metro connections have been completed) and affordability of housing after the Games, with flats often beyond the price range of residents in the poorest region in mainland France.
Hijabs and secularism
The approaching Olympics have also seen a re-emergence of the decades-old debate over the wearing of religious symbols, in particular veils, in French public life, which is constitutionally secular.
While the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has said that athletes will be allowed to wear a veil if they wish in the Olympic Village, they will not be permitted to wear them at competition venues or during competition.
US fencer Ibtihaj Muhammad is the most high-profile athlete to have worn the hijab at the Olympic Games. She won a bronze medal in Team Sabre at Rio 2016 wearing the head covering.
