The 34-year-old, who had recently announced his retirement from ODIs before withdrawing the same, addressed the press alongside Bangladesh Cricket Board President Nazmul Hassan on Thursday.
The decision was made after he was ruled out of the upcoming Asia Cup in Sri Lanka and Pakistan, an ICC report said.
"I will step down as captain and concentrate as a player and try to give my best whenever the opportunity comes," Tamim told the press.
Last month, Tamim had announced a shock retirement from international cricket amid the home ODI series against Afghanistan. However, he reversed his decision a day after with intervention from Bangladesh Prime Minister, Sheikh Hasina.
"The honourable Prime Minister invited me to her residence this afternoon,” Tamim said at the time. “We had a long discussion after which she instructed me to return to cricket. I am withdrawing my retirement."